| 중국 고동기 鼎의 방제와 경향, 그리고 영향 |
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이용진 |
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국립중앙박물관 |
| The Imitation of Chinese Ding Bronze Tripods as well as the Trends in and Influence of Their Imitations |
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Yong Jin Lee |
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National Museum of Korea |
Correspondence:
Yong Jin Lee,
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Received: 16 March 2020 • Revised: 1 April 2020 • Accepted: 22 April 2020 |
| Abstract |
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Ding, a type of ancient Chinese bronze tripod, were first imitated by later peoples in China to support their political goals. Empress Wu (Wu Zetian) of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty imitated Nine Tripod Ding Vessels (a collection of ding cast by the mythical Yu the Great of the Xia Dynasty) in order to reinforce and legitimize their sovereign power. However, as the literati of the Song Dynasty began to perceive ancient Chinese vessels as items for enjoyment rather than objects of study, these vessels, including ding, were converted into household goods. Ding came to be routinely utilized as incense burners in the study. As the demand for ding increased, greater numbers of copies were produced. This trend of imitating ding vessels continued through the Ming and Qing periods. During these times, imitations of Shang Zhao Fu ding (Square Cauldron for Father Zhao of Shang) and Zhou Wen Wang ding (Square Cauldron for King Wen of the Zhou) were produced while maintaining their shapes and inscriptions. Moreover, imitations of Xuande incense burners that maintained the original form but without any inscriptions were produced, as well as reproductions bearing new inscriptions. Maintaining the original forms and inscriptions was considered the most important element in properly imitating ding, but Xuande incense burners from the Ming Dynasty reproduced only the original forms. Nevertheless, the emergence of Xuande incense burners in the Ming period led to the imitation of Xuande incense burners equipped with their original shapes but with altered inscriptions.
Ancient Chinese bronze vessels were also reproduced on the Korean Peninsula during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. In the Goryeo Dynasty, as depicted in the catalogue Xuande bogu tu (Illustrations of Antiques from the Xuande Period), celadon ding in imitation of Shang Zhao Fu ding were produced. Some ding wares made in celadon were modified into Goryeo style. In the Joseon period, Zhou Wen Wang ding and Xuande incense burners became the most common antiques for collection and appreciation. Reproductions of Zhou Wen Wang ding and Xuande incense burners were introduced from Qing China and used in Joseon.
The imitation of ancient Chinese bronze vessels reflected the trend of crafts shifting from a symbol of power to items of daily use. Furthermore, it serves as a significant example of the process of imitation leading to the popularization of transformed reproductions of traditional works. |
| Key Words:
Imitating Ancient Bronze Vessel, Nine Tripod Ding Vessels, Empress Wu, Emperor Huizong, Xuanhe bogutu(Illustrated Catalogue on the Ancient Vessels of the Xuanhe Reign), Square Cauldron for Father Zhao of Shang, Square Cauldron for King Wen of the Zhou, Xuande Incense Burner |
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